Final answer:
In the equation Q = mcΔT, the c represents the specific heat capacity of the substance, which is the heat required to change the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1°C.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the equation Q = mcΔT, the symbol c stands for specific heat, which is a property of a substance. The specific heat capacity is numerically equal to the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1.00 kg of the substance by 1.00°C. It's SI unit is J/(kg · K) or J/(kg · °C). If a substance gains thermal energy, its temperature increases, and if a substance loses thermal energy, its temperature decreases, indicating that Q can have positive or negative values.