Final answer:
The Green Revolution greatly improved agricultural yield through the development of high-yielding crop varieties by Norman Borlaug, coupled with advancements in fertilization, irrigation, and pest control.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Green Revolution's Impact on Agricultural Yield
The program that has significantly improved agricultural yield is known as the Green Revolution. Initiated in the 1960s, it introduced new plant breeding techniques, resulting in high-yielding varieties of crops, especially wheat and rice. The work of agricultural researcher Norman Borlaug was central to this revolution, as he developed dwarf wheat that not only yielded more grain but also had increased disease resistance and better adaptation to different environmental stresses.
India's remarkable transformation to a net exporter of wheat demonstrates the impact of the Green Revolution. The adoption of Borlaug's improved wheat, combined with the use of fertilizers, irrigation, and machinery, led to a significant rise in crop yields. Notably, these advancements prevented the conversion of vast expanses of land into farmland, thereby preserving natural ecosystems.
The Green Revolution has been characterized by the widespread adoption of synthetic pesticides, enhanced cultivation of high-yielding crop varieties, and new farming techniques that have produced tremendous gains in worldwide food production without necessarily expanding the area under cultivation.