Final answer:
Psychoanalytic psychology mainly focuses on internal conflict and unconscious desires as established by Sigmund Freud, who argued that the unconscious mind significantly influences our conscious behavior and personality development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychoanalytic psychology, pioneered by Sigmund Freud, focuses mainly on internal conflict and unconscious desires, making option (D) the correct answer to the question. Freud's theory of psychoanalysis proposes that personality is shaped by the dynamics of the unconscious mind, encompassing repressed memories, inherent drives, and conflicts arising from the interactions among the id, ego, and superego. The unconscious is seen as a reservoir for thoughts, feelings, and memories outside of our conscious awareness, influencing our behaviors and psychological phenomena like dreams and slips of the tongue.
Freud's perception of the id encompasses instinctual drives and desires, while the superego represents internalized societal norms, and the ego acts as the mediator, working with the reality principle. The ego strives to reconcile the demands of the id and superego with the practicalities of the real world. Psychoanalytic theory further emphasizes the significance of early childhood experiences and developmental stages in shaping personality. Although many of Freud's specific theories have been critiqued or refuted over time, his contributions to the understanding of the unconscious mind and the structure of personality remain influential in the field of psychology.