Final answer:
To remove water soluble residues in sterile compounding areas, LLE using organic solvents, filtration methods like HEPA filters, and various disinfectants including halogens, surfactants, phenolics, and alkylating agents are used. Protective measures and reactive substances like 1 N NaOH or diluted bleach are recommended for personnel in cases of contamination.
Step-by-step explanation:
To remove water soluble residues found in the sterile compounding area, different methods and substances are utilized, depending on the nature of the residues and the required level of cleanliness. Commonly employed techniques include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), which employs organic solvents with low miscibility in water to achieve effective extraction due to the partition coefficient. For aqueous-based biological samples such as urine or cerebrospinal fluid, procedures such as plasma protein precipitation, dilution, and shoot approaches can be used for sample preparation.
In a clinical setting, various chemicals such as halogens, surfactants, phenolics, and alkylating agents are used for disinfection and sterilization. Specifically, halogens like iodine and its complexes (for example, povidone-iodine) are effective for oxidizing cellular components and destabilizing macromolecules. Surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) and bisbiguanides like chlorhexidine, disrupt microbial membranes.