Final answer:
Wealth increase in Beijing leads to higher consumption of calories from fats and proteins rather than carbohydrates, mirroring global trends. However, efficient food distribution remains a challenge, influenced by government macroeconomic policies as stated by economist Amartya Sen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between wealth and food consumption in Beijing reflects broader global trends. As global food prices have decreased due to a higher food per capita ratio since 1875, the types of foods consumed have also shifted. With increases in wealth, research shows that people prefer more calories from fats and protein and fewer from carbohydrates. This has been observed in countries like India, China, and the United States and is evident in urban centers like Beijing.
However, the affordability and consumption of food are not solely tied to wealth. Advancements in modern agriculture have led to surplus production in many countries, but issues of food distribution still persist. Moreover, government macroeconomic policies play a crucial role in managing food security and addressing problems like food shortages, famine, and malnutrition. Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen emphasizes the importance of macroeconomic stability, employment, education, and property rights in achieving equitable food distribution.
In summary, while wealth increases have led to a demand for higher calorie foods in Beijing, systemic issues in food distribution and government policy also significantly impact food security and consumption patterns.