Final answer:
The incorrect match of molecule to location from the given options is B. mRNA - nucleus, because mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus but functions in the cytoplasm. tRNA, carrying amino acids, is the molecule covalently bound to amino acids, and ribosomal components are synthesized in the nucleolus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to understanding where various molecules, specifically types of RNA, are located within a cell. The incorrect match of molecule to location is B. mRNA - nucleus, as mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus but functions in the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of proteins on ribosomes.
A nucleic acid that contains uracil, is relatively small, and most are covalently bound to an amino acid is likely tRNA (Transfer RNA). The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus of the nucleus before being assembled with proteins in the cytoplasm to form ribosomes. The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information as DNA to RNA to protein (B).
Viruses lack ribosomes and metabolic processes but do contain nucleic acid. In considering the DNA to RNA process, this is known as transcription, where DNA is used as a template to create mRNA in the nucleus. mRNA then carries the genetic information to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis on ribosomes.