Final answer:
To calculate moles of solute, multiply the molarity of the solution by its volume in liters. The formula is moles of solute = M × V, with moles remaining constant through concentration changes as long as the product of molarity and volume is maintained.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of moles of solute in a solution can be calculated using the formula that involves the molarity (M) and the volume (V) of the solution. The molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Therefore, the moles of solute can be calculated by the equation: moles of solute = M × V, where 'M' represents molarity in moles per liter (mol/L) and 'V' represents the volume of the solution in liters (L).
When considering a change in concentration, it's essential to understand that the product of molarity and volume (MV) remains constant. That is, M1V1 = M2V2, with M1 and V1 representing initial molarity and volume, and M2 and V2 representing the final molarity and volume after the concentration change.