Final answer:
The particle size of the solute is the dimensions of the individual particles, such as atoms, ions, or molecules, that compose the solute in a solution. True solutions have particle sizes under 1 nm, whereas colloids range between 1 to 200 nm and exhibit light-scattering effects. Particle size affects the rate of dissolution and can be measured with precise laboratory techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
The particle size of the solute in a solution refers to the individual dimensions of the particles that make up the solute. When these particles are very small, usually less than 1 nm in diameter, the mixture is considered a true homogeneous solution. These solute particles might be atoms, ions, or molecules. The surface area of these particles has a significant impact on the rate of dissolution, as more area allows for more interactions with the solvent, leading to quicker dissolution.
Types of Solutions Based on Particle Size
True Solutions: Homogeneous, particle size 0.01-1 nm; do not separate on standing or filter out, and do not scatter light.
Colloids: Particle size 1 millimicron to 200 millimicron; exhibit the Tyndall effect due to scattering of light.
To determine the size of colloidal particles, one might use sedimentation constants measurement, X-ray analysis, or refer to the molecular weight of single-molecule particles like proteins.
Experimental Approach
In laboratories, geologists and chemists use various particle-size analyzers for precise measurements. Traditional methods include sieving to categorize particles according to size. The process involves weighing, separating, and calculating weight percentages to determine the distribution of particle size.