Final answer:
ULV applications use minimal carrier fluid to distribute active substances efficiently, while ULD applications employ significantly lower than normal doses of the active ingredient, leading to cost savings and minimized environmental effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristics of ultra-low-volume (ULV) and ultra-low-dosage (ULD) applications pertain to the deployment of substances such as pesticides or analytical samples in minuscule amounts to achieve desired effects or results. ULV utilizes very low volumes of carrier fluid, often less than 5 liters per hectare, enabling the efficient distribution of active ingredients across a large area without using large quantities of solvent or carrier.
ULD, on the other hand, emphasizes the use of incredibly small quantities of the active ingredient, which can be less than the typical field application rate by factors ranging from 10 to 100 or more. This precision leads to cost savings and reduced environmental impact. Both ULV and ULD technologies necessitate specialized equipment designed to optimize the delivery and effectiveness of the tiny volumes or dosages used.