Final answer:
The medical view of addiction recognizes it as a compulsive use of substances like psychoactive drugs, leading to both physical and psychological dependence. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are key aspects of physical dependence, while psychological dependence involves emotional need. The shift from a moralistic view to a medical one has prompted more compassionate and understanding approaches to treatment and rehabilitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical view of addiction understands that addicted persons have a compulsive use of a substance such as a psychoactive drug despite negative consequences that such use may entail. Addiction is characterized by a loss of control over drug use, ongoing use despite harm, and cravings. The condition includes both physical and psychological dependence. Physical dependence involves changes in normal bodily functions and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of drug use. In contrast, psychological dependence indicates an emotional need for the drug, often to relieve psychological distress.
Developing tolerance is frequently connected to physical dependence, as it requires increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the same desired effects. This can dangerously lead to an increased risk of overdose and death. Treatments for addiction often involve a combination of medication, counseling, and support groups to address both the physiological and psychological aspects of the condition.
Historically, addiction was viewed as a moral failing, but over time, the perception has shifted to understand it as a complex chronic disease. This change means individuals with addiction are now treated with more compassion and understanding, rather than judgment. The emphasis is on rehabilitation and long-term recovery, recognizing that addiction is no longer seen merely as a personal choice or weakness, but rather as a medical condition that requires comprehensive treatment.