Final answer:
The three major problems when caring for a central line are infection, thrombosis, and mechanical complications. Maintaining strict aseptic techniques and using a checklist are essential in preventing these issues. Patient education is also crucial for early detection and management of complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
When caring for a central line, there are three major problems that can arise: infection, thrombosis (clot formation), and mechanical complications. Infection is one of the most serious complications, as it can lead to bloodstream infections and sepsis, significantly increasing patient morbidity and mortality. These infections occur when pathogens are introduced, often due to lapses in sterile technique during insertion or maintenance of the central line.
Thrombosis is another complication where a clot forms inside the line or at the catheter tip, leading to obstruction of the line or even embolic events if the clot dislodges. Lastly, mechanical complications can include issues such as catheter breakage, migration, or malposition, which can impede the line's function and require additional interventions to correct.
Implementing a standardized checklist and ensuring strict adherence to aseptic techniques are crucial steps in mitigating these risks. Patient education on signs of complications and appropriate line maintenance also plays a vital role in preventing adverse outcomes associated with central line care.