Final answer:
Reinforcement is a process in operant conditioning where a behavior's likelihood is increased through a consequence that follows the behavior, like a treat for a dog that sits on command.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which a stimulus increases the chances of a preceding behavior occurring again is called reinforcement. In operant conditioning, a behavior is followed by a consequence, and the likelihood of the behavior being repeated is increased if the consequence is reinforcing. For example, if you give a dog a treat every time it sits on command, the treat serves as a positive reinforcement, increasing the chances that the dog will sit again in the future when asked.
Positive reinforcement is a critical component in operant conditioning and is considered the most effective method for teaching new behaviors. By adding a desirable stimulus after the desired behavior, the behavior is more likely to be repeated. This contrasts with extinction, where the conditioned response weakens, and the behavior decreases when the reinforcement is no longer presented.