Final answer:
The most common type of renal stone is calcium oxalate stones, made up of calcium oxalate crystals. These stones form due to highly concentrated minerals in the urine, and a low-calcium diet can increase the risk of their development. Symptoms include severe pain and hematuria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Most Common Type of Renal Stone
The most common type of renal stone is calcium, specifically in the form of calcium oxalate stones. These stones are composed of calcium oxalate crystals and are largely associated with calcium oxalate precipitation in the urine. Factors that contribute to the formation of these stones include dietary intake and underlying metabolic conditions. A low-calcium diet can lead to a higher risk of developing kidney stones because with less calcium to bind with oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract, more oxalate is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted into the urine by the kidneys. Other types of kidney stones include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones, which are less common than calcium-based stones.
Calcium oxalate stones are the result of minerals in urine, such as calcium and oxalate, becoming highly concentrated. Symptoms of kidney stones can include severe colicky pain, often described as 'the worst pain ever experienced', and hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine. Kidney stones can vary in size and may pass on their own or may require medical intervention if they block the urinary tract.