Final answer:
When a user performs a chmod operation on a file, only the last change time of the file is updated.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a user performs a chmod operation on a file, it changes the permissions of the file, allowing or restricting certain actions on the file.
Regarding the timestamps of the file, only the last change time is updated. The last change time represents when the file's metadata was last modified, including its permissions. The last accessed time and last modification time of the file are not updated by a chmod operation.
Therefore, option 3) The last change time of the file is updated, is the correct answer.