Final answer:
The most effective defense against these bacteria is opsonization, which involves coating the bacteria with opsonins to facilitate phagocytosis. Opsonins can be antibodies or complement proteins that enhance the recognition and uptake of the bacteria. Phagocytic cells then bind to the opsonins and initiate the process of phagocytosis to eliminate the microorganisms.The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most effective defense against Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus spp. is opsonization. Opsonization is a process where antibodies or other opsonins coat the surface of the bacteria, making it easier for phagocytic cells to recognize and engulf the microorganisms.
In the case of these bacteria with capsules, opsonization can neutralize their anti-phagocytic properties by coating the capsule and promoting phagocytosis.
Opsonization can occur through the binding of antibodies to the bacterial surface or through the activation of the complement system, which results in the deposition of complement proteins on the bacterial surface. These opsonins enhance the recognition and uptake of the bacteria by phagocytic cells.
Once the bacteria are opsonized, phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils can bind to the opsonins via their Fc receptors or complement receptors, initiating the process of phagocytosis to eliminate the microorganisms.The correct option is C.