Final answer:
The oldest type of Mexican folk music mentioned is norteño, known for its incorporation of traditional sounds and instruments. It reflects a mix of influences, including European folk dances, and is culturally significant within the rural and ranching communities of Northern Mexico.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the oldest types of Mexican folk music is called norteño, which is pronounced "sewn." Norteño, originating from the northern regions of Mexico, is a genre associated with both traditional sounds and instruments like the accordion and bajo sexto. This style of music has a significant influence from German and Polish folk dances and has been a part of the Mexican cultural landscape for well over a century, being especially appreciated in communities connected to rural and ranching cultures.
Additionally, norteño's stories are frequently linked with experiences of daily life, displaying a broad emotional spectrum, from joy to melancholy, much like the emotional upheaval described in the scene of a person reminiscing about Guerrero's jungles in contrast to a desolate landscape. Folk music such as norteño often serves to preserve and transmit cultural stories, values, and traditions, as seen in various forms across the world, like the Mixtec codices.