Final answer:
Georgetown, capital of Guyana, previously named Longchamps (Stabroek), is home to the Stabroek Market and St. George’s Anglican Cathedral. Renamed by the British, it shares a history of nomenclature shifts similar to New Amsterdam, which was renamed New York after the English took control from the Dutch.
Step-by-step explanation:
The capital city that features the Stabroek Market and St. George's Anglican Cathedral, which was previously referred to as Longchamps and Stabroek, is Georgetown, Guyana.
The history of Georgetown is linked to the Dutch who initially named the city Stabroek after one of their administrators. However, when the British gained control, they changed the name to Georgetown after King George III.
Moreover, in reference to a related historical context, the city known as New Amsterdam was renamed New York by the English after they captured it from the Dutch, honoring the Duke of York (Answer to question 3.d).