Final answer:
Norway is the country with Bergen as its second largest city and Trondheim as another major city. It benefits economically from its natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas. Both Bergen and Trondheim illustrate Norway's low population density and wealth from energy exports.
Step-by-step explanation:
Norway is the country that has Bergen as its second largest city, following Oslo. Trondheim is also one of the major cities in Norway. Norway is known for its vast natural resources, including oil and natural gas reserves under the North Sea, which have significantly contributed to its wealth.
Despite being large in area, Norway's population was less than six million as of the 2017 census, indicative of its low population density relative to its size.
Unlike Norway, Sweden and Finland have their unique resources. Sweden's large iron ore supplies have fueled its manufacturing sector, while Finland is known for timber and lumber exports. Meanwhile, despite being in the same region, Russia also has northern cities such as Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, but they are not related to Bergen or Trondheim, which are exclusively Norwegian cities.