Final answer:
Croatia is the country located on the Balkan Peninsula, south of Slovenia and Hungary, and north of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It emerged as an independent nation following the breakup of the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country located on the Balkan Peninsula, along the east coast of the Adriatic, south of Slovenia, and Hungary, and north of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Croatia. This region was once part of the former Yugoslavia, a country that diplomatically disintegrated in the 1990s leading to the creation of several independent nations.
Croatia, following the dissolution, emerged as a sovereign state with a diverse landscape that includes a mountainous interior and a picturesque coastline along the Adriatic Sea. The country has since worked on developing its economy and integrating with European structures.
Historically, Yugoslavia, meaning 'Land of the South Slavs', was a complex region with a patchwork of national identities forged through a history of invasions and conflicts, leading to the term Balkanization. Post-Tito Yugoslavia saw increased ethnic tensions that resulted in its breakup into several nations, including Croatia which declared independence in 1991.