Final answer:
Chile has Santiago as its second largest city, which is also the country's capital and most populous city, central to its demographics and culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country that has Santiago as its second largest city is Chile. Santiago is not only Chile's capital city but also the most populous one, acting as the heart of the central region which contains a significant portion of the nation's population, including the valuable port city of Valparaiso. Chile has a diverse range of environmental zones and administrative districts, with Central Chile housing over 90 percent of the country's population. Santiago plays a key role as a primate city, a term used to describe a city that is at least twice as large as the next largest city in the country and typically representative of national culture and identity. In the case of Chile, Santiago fulfills this role, indicating its importance in the country's demographics and culture.