Final answer:
Boston is the capital and largest city of Massachusetts; it also marks the location where the Charles River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The city's economic history features the Boston Manufacturing Company, utilizing the river as a power source.
Step-by-step explanation:
The capital and largest city of Massachusetts where the Charles River empties into the Atlantic is Boston. The city has a deep historical significance, having become the capital of the Massachusetts Bay colony during a period known as the "Great Migration" where approximately 80,000 English colonists moved to the area. The economic landscape began to transform with the industrialization efforts such as the establishment of the Boston Manufacturing Company in 1814 by Francis Cabot Lowell, which utilized the Charles River as a power source for its textile mills. Boston remains an iconic city with historical influence from figures like the Lowells and Cabots, as referenced in the local saying that positions Boston as a hub of social and economic influence.