Final answer:
It is true that hazing is a crime in many jurisdictions, and academic institutions enforce strict policies including potential expulsion for such behavior. Universities have also taken steps to enhance consent awareness and provide support for sexual assault survivors, while also acknowledging and protecting LGBTQ rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is indeed true that most jurisdictions have laws that make hazing a crime. Universities and colleges take these matters seriously, often imposing strict sanctions that can include expulsion. Measures are in place to protect students from various forms of harassment and violence. For instance, in response to concerns about sexual assault on campuses, universities have developed programs for consent awareness, support for survivors, and specialized response teams to tackle such incidents.
Historically, societal ignorance and prejudices led to discriminatory practices against the LGBTQ community, including harassment and expulsion from educational institutions. However, modern legal frameworks have evolved to acknowledge and protect the rights of individuals regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. It is no longer permissible to discriminate based on these attributes, and safe environments are promoted within educational settings.
Colleges and universities also adhere to formal norms and laws akin to societal laws that criminalize certain behaviors, such as bank robbery or hate crimes. These establishments enforce their codes of conduct rigidly, recognizing that formal sanctions are a necessary part of maintaining a safe and respectful learning environment.