Final answer:
Excerpts describing non-Chinese groups from a Chinese perspective share similarities with Anglo-American descriptions of Native Americans in the simplification and negative portrayal of 'other' cultures to justify expansionist policies, such as Manifest Destiny.
Step-by-step explanation:
The excerpts compare different groups' experiences as recorded by a dominant culture at a given time in history. Both the Chinese perspectives of various groups like the Hu or Donghu and the Anglo-American descriptions of Native Americans during the eighteenth century share common characteristics in how they portrayed culturally different groups as 'other.' This treatment included generalizing diverse groups, branding them with monolithic identities like 'barbarians' or 'savages,' and failing to recognize their sovereignty and cultural uniqueness. These views facilitated expansionist policies like Manifest Destiny, and led to land usurpation and cultural destruction. Both Chinese and Anglo-American perspectives oversimplified complex societies, justifying exploitation and paving the way for governmental policies that sought to assimilate or eradicate diversity.
The policy of Manifest Destiny, the belief that American expansion across the continent was destined and justified, brought demoralizing impacts on the Hispanic, Chinese, and Native American populations. Despite historical and present-day differences, the Indigenous peoples of North America, Hispanic Americans post-Mexican-American War, and Chinese immigrants during the Gold Rush faced systemic discrimination, racism, and subjugation. Through organized resistance and maintaining cultural practices, these groups sought to defend their rights and sustain their cultural identities against assimilation pressures and exploitation.