Final answer:
During LTP, a change occurs at the synapse that strengthens the synaptic connection by inserting more AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
During long-term potentiation (LTP), a change occurs at the synapse that strengthens the synaptic connection. One mechanism is the insertion of additional AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. When the postsynaptic neuron is depolarized by presynaptic inputs, calcium ions enter the postsynaptic cell, initiating a signaling cascade that leads to the insertion of more AMPA receptors. This allows more positive ions to enter the cell, making the synapse stronger and more likely to fire in response to neurotransmitter release.