Final answer:
To locate QTLs in animal models, researchers use genetic crosses and advanced genomic techniques like sequencing and SNP analysis, coupled with bioinformatics tools. DNA cloning steps like isolation and Southern Blotting are used to identify the gene within a sample. Insights from model organisms can potentially be applied to human genetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
To identify/locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in animal models, a researcher generally follows a series of steps, which involves genetic crosses, genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Initially, the organism of choice is crossed and phenotypic ratios are compared to determine the inheritance patterns of certain traits. Advancements in genomic technologies, such as massively parallel sequencing, have greatly facilitated the rapid characterization of genomes and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which can be used to identify QTLs.
The procedure of gene cloning can aid in identifying QTLs as it involves, isolation, ligation, transformation, and selection of DNA fragments. Methods like Southern Blotting can then be used to pinpoint the location of a gene within a larger genomic clone using a labeled DNA probe. Finally, the use of bioinformatics tools, such as genome map viewers, allows researchers to compare sequences between species and identify common DNA sequences that may be linked to QTLs.
Research on model organisms like mice may lead to insights that are potentially extrapolatable to humans. The identification of QTLs through these methods is essential for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic traits and can assist conservation biologists and medical researchers alike.