Final answer:
Users logging on with a smart card and a PIN represents two-factor authentication, a security measure requiring two forms of identification. The smart card uses electromagnetic induction to store and transmit information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The requirement for users to log on to their computers with a smart card and a PIN is an example of two-factor authentication, which is a security mechanism that requires two different forms of identification from users before granting access to a secure system. In this scenario, the smart card represents something the user has, and the PIN (Personal Identification Number) represents something the user knows. This combination increases the security level since both a physical token and a piece of knowledge are needed to verify identity.
Focusing on the concept of electromagnetic induction mentioned in reference to the black magnetic strip and credit cards, we can infer its connection to the smart cards used for logging in. Similar technology allows for the storage and reading of information on a smart card, utilizing electromagnetic fields to transmit data when the card comes into contact with a card reader. Electromagnetic induction is therefore foundational in enabling the functionality of smart cards.