Final answer:
In Assyrian art, the colossal winged human-headed bull is known as a lamassu or shedu, serving as a powerful guardian figure at palace entrances and symbolizing royal authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Assyrian art, a colossal winged human-headed bull is known as a lamassu or sometimes as a shedu. These figures were meticulously carved in stone and placed as guardian figures at the entrances of Assyrian palaces, most notably during the reign of Sargon II between 721 and 705 BCE. These lamassu figures originated from an excavation in modern-day Khorsabad, which was the site of ancient Dur Sharrukin in Assyria, Iraq.
The lamassu is a magnificent embodiment of power and protection, combining the human intellect, the body of a bull or lion, and the wings of a bird. The significance of the lamassu extends beyond their physical presence, as they were a symbol of royal authority and depicted in relief sculptures that adorned the palace walls. Palaces were not only protected by these guardian figures but were also decorated with narrative reliefs illustrating royal power and might, such as hunting scenes and depictions of moving lamassu into place.
These guardian sculptures were part of a broader visual art tradition in the ancient Mesopotamian world and served as an expression of the power of the Assyrian king. They stood at gateways, presenting a fearsome yet powerful front to all who approached these significant centers of power and religion.