Final answer:
Abu Bakr was the political leader who provided guidance after the death of Prophet Muhammad by becoming the first Caliph of the Muslim community.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, Abu Bakr fits the description of a political leader who gave guidance following the death of Prophet Muhammad. After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr was chosen as the first Caliph, which means "successor", and he became both a religious and political leader of the Muslim community. He was one of Muhammad's closest companions and was well respected within the community, which contributed to his election as Caliph during a time of potential fragmentation and uncertainty about leadership.