Final answer:
Chemical bonds, which include ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, are essential for the physical properties of materials. Ionic bonds form between ions, covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons, and metallic bonds are characterized by a sea of electrons among ionized metal atoms.
The corrcet answer is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemical bonds are responsible for many physical properties observed in minerals and various substances. Bonds are formed depending on the electronic structures of atoms and the chemical forces within compounds. The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. Without knowing the specific figure mentioned in the question, I can still elaborate on these types:
- Ionic bonds are formed when an atom donates or receives electrons, leading to a bond between positively and negatively charged ions due to electrostatic forces.
- Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. This sharing can be equal in non-polar covalent bonds or unequal in polar covalent bonds.
- Metallic bonds involve a 'sea of electrons' that are shared amongst a lattice of ionized metal atoms, which explains many of the electrical and thermal conductivity properties of metals.
Each bond type contributes to the unique physical properties seen in materials, such as melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity, and solubility. Covalent or molecular compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points and can range widely in their solubility in water. Ionic compounds tend to have high melting points and conduct electricity when molten or in solution due to the free-flowing ions. Metallic bonds give metals their characteristic high conductivity and malleability.