Final answer:
The three main components of a gene are the promoter, the protein-coding sequence, and the terminator, each playing an essential role in gene expression. Three major types of RNA—mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA—interpret and use these genetic instructions to synthesize proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three components of a gene/immature RNA consist of the promoter, the protein-coding sequence, and the terminator. The promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene, where enzymes responsible for transcription bind and begin the process. The protein-coding sequence is the part of the gene that is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into a protein, containing the instructions for the amino acid sequence of the protein. The terminator signals the end of transcription. Together, these components ensure that genes are expressed correctly within a cell.In terms of RNA types and their roles, the three main types are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). mRNA carries the genetic message from DNA to the ribosomes; rRNA is a key component of the structure and function of ribosomes; and tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis. These three types of RNA play crucial roles in translating genes into functional proteins.