Final answer:
The disparities in the criminal justice system are explained by three main theories: conflict theory, which attributes disparities to social and economic inequalities; the symbolic interactionist approach, focusing on labeling and subjective interpretation of deviance; and sociological theories of social inequality, pointing to racism, classism, and sexism as systemic contributors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Three theories developed to explain disparity in the criminal justice system include conflict theory, the symbolic interactionist approach to deviance, and sociological theories of social inequality such as racism, classism, and sexism.
Conflict Theory
Conflict theory views crime and deviance as the result of social and economic inequalities. Individuals or groups with power manipulate and influence the law to maintain control and suppress competition. This can result in disparate treatment of individuals based on their socioeconomic status, leading to an increased likelihood of incarceration for those of lower status.
Symbolic Interactionist Approach
The symbolic interactionist approach examines how individuals interpret and assign meanings to their actions and the actions of others. This perspective includes labeling theory, which posits that the labels society attaches to individuals (such as 'criminal' or 'deviant') can become self-fulfilling prophesies that promote deviant behavior. This often disproportionately impacts those already marginalized in society.
Sociological Theories of Social Inequality
These theories explore how systemic issues of racism, classism, and sexism contribute to discrepancies in the criminal justice system. Discrimination based on race, class, or gender can lead to disparities in arrest rates, sentencing, and incarceration, even for similar offenses.
Each of these theories helps to illuminate the complex reasons behind disparities in the criminal justice system, and inform the ongoing debate on how to address these inequalities to create a more just society.