Final answer:
The estimated global temperature increase by 2090-2099 ranges between 0.3-4.8 degrees Celsius (0.5-8.6 degrees Fahrenheit), with specific outcomes depending on greenhouse gas emission scenarios and regional differences, such as greater warming over land and in the Arctic.
Step-by-step explanation:
The estimated temperature increase by 2090-2099 depends largely on future greenhouse gas emissions and the outcomes from various climate models. According to Environmental Biology 295 and other scientific predictions, the average global temperatures are anticipated to rise by 0.3-4.8 degrees Celsius (0.5-8.6 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2100 if current trends continue. This warming will be more pronounced over land compared to oceans, with an expected temperature increase of at least twice as much as during the last 100 years. The Arctic region is projected to experience even greater temperature risings. The variances in prediction models, which account for different levels of carbon dioxide concentration, suggest a potential increase in the 21st century ranging from 1.1°C to 6.4°C. Extreme scenarios predict that if a super-aggressive weaning off fossil fuels is completed by 2050, this could lead to an overall temperature rise of about 2°C.