Final answer:
The masking effect of tones spreads more to lower frequencies because the basilar membrane responds more broadly to low-frequency sounds, causing more extensive masking at those frequencies. Pitch perception theories suggest that up to 4000 Hz, pitch is differentiated by both the frequency of action potentials and the specific place along the membrane where sounds peak.
Step-by-step explanation:
The masking effect of tones spreads more to lower frequencies. This is due to how the auditory system processes different frequencies of sound. Higher tones tend to mask lower tones because the basilar membrane inside the ear is more broadly excited by low-frequency sounds, causing a more extensive zone of masking. This can make it difficult to differentiate lower-pitched sounds when they are accompanied by louder, higher-pitched sounds.
Additionally, our auditory system is sensitive to frequencies primarily within the range critical for understanding speech and appreciating music, which are largely below 8000 Hz. A significant hearing loss at all frequencies can impede one's ability to perceive speech clearly but is most noticeable when sounds are at higher frequencies.
When discussing the pitch of sounds, it is essential to consider the temporal and place theories of pitch perception. These theories explain that at frequencies up to 4000 Hz, pitch perception is influenced by both the rate of action potentials and the specific place along the basilar membrane where the sound waves peak.