Final answer:
The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from the interaction between an individual's vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stressors (stress). It is a biopsychosocial approach that integrates various factors in the development of psychological disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from a combination of an individual's vulnerability, such as genetic predisposition or personality traits (diathesis), and environmental or life stressors (stress). This model suggests that while a person may have a predisposition towards a psychological disorder, it is the interaction with stressful life events that may trigger or exacerbate the development of psychopathology. Consequently, the correct answer to the student's question is 1) vulnerability and adverse experiences.
The diathesis-stress model is a biopsychosocial model, which integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness. The model emphasizes that both inherent vulnerability and external stress play crucial roles in the onset and progression of mental disorders. It aligns with research showing that factors such as genetic risk, coupled with stressors like emotional trauma or disturbed home environments, can lead to the development of conditions like schizophrenia.