Final answer:
The mechanism by which experts screen their colleagues' work in the scientific field is known as peer review. It is a rigorous process that ensures the originality, significance, and quality of scientific research before it is published.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as peer review. This process is a crucial aspect of scientific research, ensuring that published materials are original, significant, logical, and ethical. During the peer review process, qualified individuals, often experts in the same research area, rigorously assess a research paper or grant proposal. They provide necessary feedback, which could include checking the study's rationale, methods, ethical considerations, statistical analyses, and the validity of the conclusions.
Peer review serves as the formal process that must be passed before research is accepted into scientific literature. It also encourages transparency, critique, and replication of experiments by other researchers. The fundamental goal of peer review is to maintain the integrity and quality of scientific knowledge.