Final answer:
Critical realists assess accuracy through criteria such as currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose, along with logical and empirical verification. For unexpected results, stricter criteria may apply. They also advocate for objective moral reasoning against anti-realist subjectivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to critical realists, when assessing accuracy, certain criteria must be met. These include, but are not limited to:
- Currency: The information should be up-to-date and relevant to the current state of understanding in the field.
- Relevance: The data or information must be pertinent to the question at hand.
- Authority: The source of the data should be credible, with the appropriate credentials or expertise.
- Accuracy: The information should be free from errors and biases, and should represent the reality as closely as possible.
- Purpose: The intent behind the information should be clear, whether it's to inform, persuade, or for another purpose.
Critical realists also utilize additional analysis methodologies such as consistency checks and robustness to incorporation of uncertainty. When dealing with unexpected results, criteria may be more stringent to ensure that these results accurately reflect the true state of affairs and are not anomalies or errors. Furthermore, they acknowledge that empirical evidence and logic are central to verifying the truth of statements. They argue that truth involves coherence and is often verified by direct observation or empirically, meaning evidence that can be observed or measured must be considered.
Critical realism contends with anti-realism by emphasizing the objective existence of social and moral phenomena, countering the view that values and moral standards are entirely subjective and thus arbitrary. They argue for the legitimacy of moral reasoning and maintaining a sense of objectivity in ethics.