Final answer:
The study of the basic components of the mind is known as structuralism, and the examination of the role that specific behaviors may have served in our species' evolution is known as functionalism. The correct pairing for the given question is: 3) Structuralism; functionalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Structuralism was the study of the basic components of the mind, while functionalism examined the role that specific behaviors may have served in our species' evolution. The correct answer to the question is: 3) Structuralism; functionalism.
William James and his contemporaries established functional psychology, drawing inspiration from Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Functionalism assumes that psychological processes have a purpose and assist organisms in adapting to their environment. This encompasses understanding the functionality of behaviors in the context of survival and reproduction. On the other hand, structuralism, led by Wilhelm Wundt, intends to analyze the mind's structure by breaking down mental experiences into their smallest parts, using introspection among other methods to understand cognitive experiences.
Difference Between Structuralism and Functionalism
Structuralism is primarily concerned with the structure or basic components of the mind. Functionalism, contrastingly, focuses on the purposes and adaptations of psychological processes and behavior, considering how mental activities help an organism fit into its environment and fulfill biological and social functions. While structuralism investigates the individual parts of the mind, functionalism explores the mind as a whole and its interaction with the world.