Final answer:
Fodor's cognitive modules are inborn, specialized processing units in the brain, handling specific cognitive tasks independently from other mental processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cognitive modules according to Fodor are specialized, domain-specific information processing units in the brain, which he theorized in his Modular Mind concept. Considered one of the foundational ideas in the field of cognitive science, a cognitive module is believed to be inborn, functioning independently from general reasoning and is responsible for specific types of processing, like language acquisition or facial recognition.Fodor proposed that these modules are 'encapsulated', meaning they operate on limited types of input and are unaffected by other cognitive processes. This notion aligns with the modern understanding of cognitive neuroscience, which acknowledges specialized brain regions for handling various cognitive tasks.