Final answer:
A hypothesis is a testable prediction about observable and measurable processes, frequently expressed as an 'if-then' statement, and serves as a tentative explanation in the scientific method.
Step-by-step explanation:
A testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured is referred to as a hypothesis. The purpose of a hypothesis is to bridge the gap between the conceptual realm of ideas and the tangible, observable world. A hypothesis is often framed as an 'if-then' statement, such as 'if I study all night, I will get a passing grade on the test'. This type of prediction is essential in the scientific method because it provides a tentative explanation that can be tested through experimentation or observation to determine its validity. If the result of the test is consistent with the hypothesis, it may be accepted, or if not, the hypothesis can be modified or discarded based on new evidence.