Question

According to the textbook, which of the following correctly describes the models and social norms involved in helping others?

1) Under the Norm of Social Responsibility, we help others so that they will help us in the future.
2) Batson's Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis states that it is possible to be altruistic toward others without understanding how they are feeling.
3) The Norm of Reciprocity demonstrates that we help others because we are expected to do so as people who interact with others for the good of society.
4) According to the Negative State Relief Model, we help others so we can avoid the feeling of guilt associated with refusing to help.

Answer 1

The Norm of Social Responsibility involves helping others out of societal obligation, Batson's Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis describes altruism powered by empathy, the Norm of Reciprocity is based on mutual aid, and the Negative State Relief Model suggests we help to alleviate our own negative emotions.

Step-by-step explanation:

The concepts outlined revolve around the motivations that drive prosocial behavior and the social norms that influence our willingness to help others. The correct descriptions for the models and norms in question are: 1) The Norm of Social Responsibility suggests we help others due to a societal obligation rather than the expectation of future reciprocation. 2) Batson's Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis indicates that altruistic behavior can arise from feeling empathy towards others and understanding their situation, rather than a lack of understanding. 3) The Norm of Reciprocity is about mutual benefit, where helping others is often based on the expectation that others will help us in return, thus promoting societal cooperation. 4) The Negative State Relief Model explains that one might help others to alleviate their own negative feelings, such as guilt. These perspectives highlight the complexity of understanding the true motivations behind why we help others. While some argue that helping can be a selfless act, others suggest that there are always self-serving components in altruistic actions.