Final answer:
Morphine sulfate can lead to nausea and vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening, sedation, and hypotension. Other possible side effects include agitation, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. It is critical to use morphine under medical supervision due to these potential risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adverse Effects of Morphine
Morphine, an opioid analgesic, is associated with various adverse effects that can occur even when it is used as directed. The common side effects include:
Nausea and vomiting: This is a frequent side effect due to morphine's stimulating effect on the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Constipation: Opioids like morphine often result in bowel movement slowing down, leading to this uncomfortable condition.
Respiratory depression: This is a particularly dangerous side effect where breathing becomes inadequate, necessitating immediate medical attention. Naloxone can be used to reverse this effect in cases of overdose.
Sedation: Patients may experience a significant decrease in alertness and drowsiness.
Hypotension: Low blood pressure can result, causing dizziness and potential fainting.
Other side effects not mentioned in the question but documented include agitation, anxiety, sleep problems, and abnormal heart rhythms. These side effects underscore the importance of using morphine cautiously and under strict medical supervision, especially in populations like children who may be more susceptible to its adverse effects.