Final answer:
Small states sought equal representation to avoid being overpowered by larger states, ensuring their interests were protected and they maintained some autonomy. The Great Compromise provided a balanced solution, resulting in a bicameral Congress that addressed both the concerns of small states and the desire for proportional representation by larger states.
Step-by-step explanation:
The smaller states wanted equal representation because they feared being outnumbered and dominated by the more populous states. Through equal representation, smaller states like Delaware, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Maryland could maintain a degree of power and protect their interests despite having smaller populations. States' rights advocates from these smaller states were content with the traditional structure of congress with equal representation, which allowed them to exercise some power independently of the national government. The pursuit of a federal system of government became the middle ground, culminating in the Great Compromise, which provided equal senate representation for smaller states while reflecting the population in the House of Representatives. This structure also aligned with the Founding Fathers' intent to prevent what they feared might be "democracy out of control" by placing the election of Senators beyond direct vote by the populace.