Question

After their first year of managerial experience, managers tend to:

a.exercise more formal authority
b.do less listening and more telling
c.view themselves as the boss
d.use more positive reinforcement
e.do all of these

Answer 1

After a year of experience, managers often exercise more formal authority, do more telling than listening, view themselves as the boss, and use more positive reinforcement, indicating a broad shift in their approach that encompasses all these changes.

Step-by-step explanation:

After their first year of managerial experience, managers tend to (e) do all of these: exercise more formal authority, do less listening and more telling, view themselves as the boss, and use more positive reinforcement. As managers gain experience, they often become more confident in their roles, which can lead to a stronger assertion of their authority. This increased confidence can result in less time spent listening to subordinates and more time directing them. Additionally, managers may begin to more clearly see themselves as the leaders of their teams, adopting a 'boss' mindset. Over time, many managers also recognize the value of positive reinforcement in motivating their teams and start to utilize it more frequently.