Final answer:
Under the principle set by Lochner v. New York, employers and employees, including pharmacists, may agree to work up to 10 hours a day and 40 hours a week provided there are no specific laws that limit these working hours. Today, the FLSA generally requires overtime pay for nonexempt employees working over 40 hours a week, but doesn't limit daily hours directly. Religious accommodations may also allow for adjusted work schedules.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks under what circumstances can the nonexempt status for a pharmacist allow 10 hours per day and 40 hours per week. Historically, Lochner v. New York had a significant impact on labor laws by maintaining that the law violated the 'liberty of contract' which allowed workers and employers to form contracts without excessive state interference. This decision implied that unless there are specific state or federal labor laws in place that limit working hours for certain positions to less than 10 hours per day or 40 hours per week, employers and employees, such as pharmacists, might enter into nonexempt agreements that allow these working hours. However, it must be noted that labor laws have evolved since Lochner, and modern standards can be very different. In the present day, nonexempt employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) are typically entitled to overtime pay for hours worked beyond 40 in a workweek, irrespective of whether this exceeds 10 hours in a single day. Accommodating religious practices is another area where adjustments to working hours may occur. The government or employers might be required to make reasonable adjustments for an employee's religious practices - this could mean altering a pharmacist's schedule to avoid conflicts with religious observances such as Shabbat.