Question

The Hawthorne Studies are closely linked with:

A) the human resources movement.
B) the human relations movement.
C) scientific management.
D) Mary Parker Follett.
E) Frederick Taylor.

Answer 1

The Hawthorne Studies are closely linked with the human relations movement, emphasizing the psychological and social aspects of the workplace, as opposed to the efficiency-focused scientific management approach of Frederick Taylor.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Hawthorne Studies are closely linked with the human relations movement. The Hawthorne Studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues at the Western Electric's Hawthorne Works from 1929 to 1932 played a pivotal role in the development of organizational psychology. Unlike Frederick Taylor's focus on scientific management, which emphasized efficiency and productivity through time-motion studies and a highly regulated management style, the Hawthorne Studies shed light on the importance of interpersonal relations, motivation, and organizational dynamics. They notably uncovered the Hawthorne effect, where workers improved their performance simply because they were being observed, highlighting the impact of psychological and social factors in the workplace.

Answer 2

The Hawthorne Studies are closely associated with the human relations movement, revealing that psychological and social factors greatly influence worker productivity, leading to the identification of the Hawthorne effect.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Hawthorne Studies are closely linked with the human relations movement. Conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues from 1929 to 1932 at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works, these studies began with an examination of the effects of the physical work environment on productivity but quickly revealed that psychological and social factors were more impactful. This research marked a shift from the principles of scientific management, as promoted by Frederick Taylor, to a focus on interpersonal relationships, motivation, and organizational dynamics. The discovery that workers’ performance improved simply because they were being observed led to the identification of what is now known as the Hawthorne effect.