Final answer:
Billing for services not provided, providing services within licensure, and maintaining client confidentiality are examples of fraud, waste, and/or abuse.
Step-by-step explanation:
The issues b. Billing for services not actually provided, c. Providing services within the scope of licensure, and d. Maintaining client confidentiality are all examples of Fraud, Waste, and/or Abuse in the context of healthcare.
Billing for services not actually provided refers to charging for services that were not actually rendered, which is a form of fraud.
Providing services within the scope of licensure ensures that healthcare providers are practicing within their authorized professional boundaries, any violations of which would be considered abuse.
Maintaining client confidentiality is important to prevent breaches of privacy, which can lead to potential fraud or harm to patients.