Final answer:
Harmony, Melody, Counterpoint, and Dynamics can be present in polyphonic or contrapuntal music.
Step-by-step explanation:
In polyphonic or contrapuntal music, the elements that can be present are:
- Harmony: Harmony refers to the simultaneous combination of different notes or chords that create a pleasing sound. It adds depth and richness to the music.
- Melody: Melody is the main musical line or tune that stands out and is easily recognizable. It is the part of the music that is usually sung or hummed.
- Counterpoint: Counterpoint is the technique of combining two or more independent melodic lines that are harmonically interdependent. It creates a complex texture and adds intricacy to the music.
- Dynamics: Dynamics refer to the variation in loudness or softness in music. It adds emotion and expression to the musical performance.