Final answer:
Eukaryotic cells transport large molecules via endocytosis, including phagocytosis and pinocytosis, and exocytosis, which are forms of active transport that require energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Processes for Transporting Large Molecules in Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells utilize specific processes to transport large molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides across their cell membranes. Two primary methods are endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis is a form of active transport where the cell membrane engulfs materials, creating vesicles that carry the encapsulated substances into the cell. There are different types of endocytosis, including phagocytosis (cell eating) for large particles, and pinocytosis (cell drinking) for fluids and small molecules. Exocytosis, on the other hand, is the process by which cells export large molecules. In this process, vesicles containing the molecules fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents outside of the cell. Both endocytosis and exocytosis are energy-requiring active transport mechanisms distinct from passive processes like simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.