Final answer:
To avoid a collision at 45 mph, steering out of danger is generally better than braking because it will take less distance, and braking alone can result in significant stopping distance due to momentum and friction limitations.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you are driving at 45 mph and must avoid a collision by either braking or steering with a clear path to your right, the best option would be b. Steer out of danger because it will take less distance. The time required to stop a car involves two components: the reaction time and the braking distance. Reaction time is the period from perceiving the danger to beginning the action of braking or swerving. During this time, your vehicle will continue to travel at its initial speed. Braking distance is the distance your car travels after you start braking until it comes to a complete stop. Braking alone, especially at a high speed, can result in significant stopping distance due to momentum and the limitations imposed by the braking system and tires' friction with the road. Steering out of the way, if there is a clear and safe path, can immediately change your course of movement and is likely to avoid a collision without the long stopping distance that comes from braking. However, it is crucial that the maneuver is done safely to avoid creating additional hazards. It is also essential to understand that in some situations, combining steering and braking might be necessary, but this requires skill to prevent loss of control.