Final answer:
Negotiation is an exchange process aimed at resolving conflicts and can involve maintaining the status quo, compromise, or using power to push for concessions. It occurs in various situations, including political bargaining, where it aims to reconcile disagreements over resources and values.
Step-by-step explanation:
Negotiation is an exchange process where parties seek an agreement when they have different interests or goals. This can occur in different contexts, including political bargaining, where disagreements over resource allocation and values are fundamental, and the attempt to resolve such conflicts often occurs through negotiation. In the political realm, negotiations attempt to address conflicts concerning the status quo - the existing set of circumstances.
One potential outcome is maintaining the status quo when parties cannot agree, and thus negotiations fail. Another possibility is a compromise, where all parties adjust their demands to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. When a compromise is involved, it usually means that each party agrees on general objectives but has different opinions on how to achieve them, such as the example of lowering greenhouse gas emissions to different extents.
Negotiations can be complex, involving not only attempts at persuasion but occasionally tactics that might involve exerting power to push for concessions. Good negotiations often involve friendly interactions, where persuasion takes precedence over force, with the aim of finding a pathway to comply with the shared interests of all parties involved.